In cases of infertility, a couple's first step in finding a solution is to go through a series of fertility testing. These tests and examinations may vary from clinic to clinic, so speaking to a fertility specialist at a reputable clinic in the area is the best way to determine which tests will be used.
The tests vary from male to female as well, with separate tests for each gender. Once the precise cause of infertility has been pinpointed, or when the physician has enough information to act, the appropriate treatments will be recommended.
The first step for females interested in fertility testing is often to measure their follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Other tests may include a cervical mucus test. This post-coital test is designed to determine if sperm are able to penetrate the cervical mucus and survive in it.
Ultrasound testing may also be used. This allows the physician to determine the thickness of the uterine lining (the endometrium), while also checking follicle development and the condition of both the uterus and the ovaries. Certain hormone tests may also be used.
If these tests come back normal, women may turn to other tests to determine the problem. A hysterosalpingogram is an x-ray of the fallopian tubes and the uterus. A hysteroscopy may be used if the hysterosalpingogram shows a problem. In this procedure, a hysteroscope is inserted through the woman's cervix and into the uterus.
This provides the fertility specialist the opportunity to see any abnormalities, growths or scarring in the uterus. A laparoscopy or an endometrial biopsy may also be used as a means for fertility testing.
In terms of male tests, the semen analysis is the most common. A sample is collected and given to a lab technician who will inspect the sperm using a microscope. The technician will evaluate the sperm's count, shape, appearance and mobility. Pending the results of the semen analysis, additional tests may be ordered.
A urine analysis may also be used. This is used to check for white blood cells that may indicate infection. It may also test for sperm in the urine, which may point to a problem with ejaculation. There are several other tests that may be performed by a fertility specialist and patients are encouraged to discuss them with a physician. Some of these include sperm agglutination, sperm penetration assay, hemizona assay and acrosome reaction.
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